The human brain develops through a dynamic interaction between biology and experience. While most neurons are formed before birth, childhood is a period of rapid change in how those neurons connect and communicate. Through processes like synaptic pruning, strengthening of neural pathways, and myelination, the brain gradually becomes more efficient, specialized, and responsive to the environment.

ADHD is a highly genetic neurodevelopmental condition, but genetics do not mean destiny. While ADHD is not caused by parenting, early relationships play a powerful role in shaping how a sensitive nervous system develops and regulates. This article explores how biology, environment, and the parent–child relationship interact in ADHD and why safety, attuned caregiving, and repair matter for both children and adults with ADHD.